A.
There are two verbs in each of these sentences:
I have
lost my keys.
She
can't come to the party.
The
hotel was built ten years ago.
Where do
you live?
In these
examples have/can't/was/do are auxiliary (= helping) verbs.
You can
use an auxiliary verb (without the rest of the sentence) when you don't want to
repeat something:
* 'Have
you locked the door?' 'Yes, I have.' (= I have locked the door)
* George
wasn't working but Janet was. (= Janet was working)
* She
could lend me the money but she won't. (= she won't lend me the money)
* 'Are
you angry with me?' 'Of course I'm not.' (= I'm not angry)
Use
do/does/did for the present and past simple:
* 'Do
you like onions?' 'Yes, I do. (= I like onions)
* 'Does
Mark smoke?' 'He did but he doesn't any more.'
B. We
use have you?/isn't she?/do they? etc. to show polite interest in what somebody
has said:
* 'I've
just met Simon.' 'Oh, have you? How is he?'
* 'Liz
isn't very well today.' 'Oh,98 isn't she? What's wrong with her?'
* 'It
rained every day during our holiday.' 'Did it? What a pity!'
Sometimes we use these 'short questions' to show surprise:
* 'Jim
and Nora are getting married.' 'Are they? Really?'
C. We
use auxiliary verbs with so and neither:
* 'I'm
feeling tired.' 'So am L' (= I'm feeling tired too)
* 'I
never read newspapers.' 'Neither do L' (= I never read newspapers either)
* Sue
hasn't got a car and neither has Martin.
Note the
word order after so and neither (verb before subject):
* I passed
the exam and so did Tom. (not 'so Tom did')
You can
use nor instead of neither:
* 'I
can't remember his name.' 'Nor can L' or 'Neither can I'
You can
also use '...not ... either':
* 'I
haven't got any money.' 'Neither have I' or 'Nor have I' or 'I haven't either.'
D. I
think so/I hope so etc.
After
some verbs you can use so when you don't want to repeat something:
* 'Are
those people English?' J think so.' (= I think they are English)
* 'Will
you be at home tomorrow morning?' 'I expect so.' (= I expect I'll be at home..)
* 'Do
you think Kate has been invited to the party?' 'I suppose so.'
You can
also say I hope so, I guess so and I'm afraid so.
The
usual negative forms are:
I think
so/I expect so -> I don't think so/I don't expect so
I hope
so/I'm afraid so/I guess so -> I hope not/I'm afraid not/I guess not
I
suppose so/I don't suppose so or I suppose not
* 'Is
that woman American?' 'I think so./I don't think so.'
* 'Do
you think it's going to rain?' J hope so./I hope not.' (not 'I don't hope so')
EXERCISES
50.1
Complete the sentences with an auxiliary verb (do/was/could/should etc.).
Sometimes the verb must be negative (don't/wasn't etc.).
1. I
wasn't tired but my friends _were._
2. I
like hot weather but Ann ---
3. 'Is
Colin here?' 'He --- five minutes ago but I think he's gone home now.'
4. She
might phone later this evening but I don't think she ---.
5. 'Are
you and Chris coming to the party?' 'I --- but Chris ---.'
6. I
don't know whether to apply for the job or not. Do you think I ---?
7.
'Please don't tell anybody what I said.' 'Don't worry. I ---.'
8. 'You
never listen to me.' 'Yes, I ---!'
9. 'Can
you play a musical instrument?' 'No, but I wish I ---.'
10.
'Please help me.' 'I'm sorry. I --- if I --- but I ---.'
50.2 You
never agree with Sue. Answer in the way shown.
1. I'm
hungry. _Are you? I'm not._
2. I'm
not tired. _Aren't you? I am._
3. I
like football. ---
4. I
didn't enjoy the film. ---
5. I've
never been to South America. ---
6. I
thought the exam was quite easy. ---
50.3 You
are talking to Tina. Write true sentences about Yourself. Reply with So ... or
Neither... if suitable. Study the two examples carefully.
1. I
feel really tired. _So do I_
2. I'm
working hard. _Are you? I'm not._
3. I
watched television last week. ---
4. I
won't be in London next week. ---
5. I
live in a small town. ---
6. I'd
like to go to the moon. ---
7. I
can't play the trumpet. ---
50.4 In
these conversations, you are B. Read the information in brackets and then
answer with I think so, I hope not etc.
1. (You
don't like rain.)
A: Is it
going to rain?
B:
(hope) _I hope not._
2. (You
need more money quickly.)
A: Do
you think you'll get a pay rise soon?
B:
(hope) ---
3. (You
think Diane will probably get the job that she applied for.)
A: I
wonder if Diane will get the job.
B:
(expect) ---
4.
(You're not sure whether Jill is married--probably not.)
A: Is
Jill married?
B:
(think) ---
5. (You
are the receptionist at a hotel. The hotel is full.)
A: Have
you got a room for tonight?
B:
(afraid) ---
6.
(You're at a party. You have to leave early.)
A: Do
you have to leave already?
B:
(afraid) ---
7. (Ann
normally works every day, Monday to Friday. Tomorrow is Wednesday.)
A: Is
Ann working tomorrow?
B:
(suppose) ---
8. (You
are going to a party. You can't stand John.)
A: Do
you think John will be at the party?
B:
(hope) ---
9.
(You're not sure what time the concert is--probably 7.30.)
A: Is
the concert at 7.30?
B:
(think) ---
the answer
50.1
2
doesn't 3 was 4 will
5 am ...
isn't
6 should 7 won't
8
do 9 could
10 would
... could ... can't
50.2
3 Do
you? I don't.
4 Didn't
you? I did.
5
Haven't you? I have.
6 Did
you? I didn't.
50.3
Example answers:
3 So did
I or Did you? I didn't.
4
Neither will I or Won't you? Why not?
5 So do
I or Do you? I live in a village.
6 So
would I or Would you? I wouldn't.
7
Neither can I or Can't you? I can.
50.4
2 I hope
so.
3 I
expect so.
4 I
don't think so.
5 I'm
afraid not.
6 I'm
afraid so.
7 I
suppose so.
8 I hope
not.
9 I
think so.
